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zypper(8) System Tools zypper(8)
NAME
zypper - Command-line interface to ZYpp system management library (libzypp)
SYNTAX
zypper [--global-opts] <command> [--command-opts] [command-arguments]
zypper help [command]
DESCRIPTION
zypper is a command-line interface to ZYpp system management library. It can be used to install, update, remove
software, manage repositories, perform various queries, and more.
CONCEPTS
Most of the following concepts are common for all applications based on the libzypp package management library,
but there are some zypper specifics.
Repositories
Libzypp works with package metadata, that is information about packages and their relations extracted from RPM
packages and other data like patch information, pattern definitions, etc. These data are stored together with
the RPM files in folders called repositories. Repositories can be placed on various media like an HTTP or FTP
server, DVD, or a folder on a local disc.
There is a special set of commands in zypper intented to manipulate repositories. Also many commands and
options take a repository as an arugment. See section COMMANDS, subsection Repository Management for more
details.
Resource Identfiers (URI)
To specify locations of repositories or other resources (RPM files, .repo files) you can use any type of URIs
supported by libzypp. See http://en.opensuse.org/openSUSE:Libzypp_URIs for a complete list and usage examples.
Zypper also accepts special URIs identifying openSUSE Build Service (OBS) repositories in the addrepo command.
These URIs have the form of obs://<project>/[platform], where project is the name of the OBS project and plat-
form is the target platform (OS) for which the repository is intended. For example: obs://server:http/open-
SUSE_11.3.
If platform is omitted, zypper.conf's obs.platform value is used. See also other options in the [obs] section
of zypper.conf.
In addition to these URIs you can use plain directory and file paths in which case zypper automatically treats
them as dir:/path URIs.
Refresh
Refreshing a repository means downloading metadata of packages from the medium (if needed), storing it in local
cache (typically under /var/cache/zypp/raw/<alias> directory) and preparsing the metadata into .solv files
(building the solv cache), typically under /var/cache/zypp/solv/<alias>.
The metadata get refreshed either automatically or on user request. An automatic refresh takes place right
before reading metadata from the database if the auto-refresh is enabled for the repository and the metada is
reported to be out of date. If the auto-refresh is disabled, the repository will only be refreshed on user
request. You can request a refresh by calling zypper refresh (see the documentation of the refresh command for
details).
The repository metadata are checked for changes before actually doing the refresh. A change is detected by down-
loading one or two metadata index files (small files) and comparing the checksums of the cached ones and the
remote ones. If the files differ, the repository is out of date and will be refreshed.
To delay the up-to-date check (and thus the automatic refresh) for a certain number of minutes, edit the value
of the repo.refresh.delay attribute of ZYpp config file (/etc/zypp/zypp.conf). This means, zypper will not even
try to download and check the index files, and you will be able to use zypper for operations like search or info
without internet access or root privileges.
Services
Services are one level above repositories and serve to manage repositories or to do some special tasks. Libzypp
currently supports only one type of services, the Repository Index Service (RIS).
Repository Index Service (RIS) is a special type of repository which contains a list of other repositories. This
list can be generated dynamically by the server according to some URI parameters or user name, or can be static.
Once such service is added to your system, zypper takes care of adding, modifying, or removing these reposito-
ries on your system to reflect the current list. See section Service Management and http://old-en.open-
suse.org/Standards/Repository_Index_Service for more details.
Package Types
zypper works with several types of resource objects, called resolvables. A resolvable is a package, patch, pat-
tern, or a product.
package - an ordinary RPM package.
patch - update of one or more packages. A patch can include special scripts and messages to be run or shown dur-
ing installation of the update.
pattern - group of packages required or recommended to install some functionality.
product - group of packages which are necessary to install a product.
srcpackage - source code package (.src.rpm). This type works in search and install commands.
Throughout this manual we will refer to resolvables simply as packages and to resolvable types as package types.
These type names can be used as arguments of --type option in several commands like install, info, or search.
Package Dependencies
Software packages depend on each other in various ways. Packages usually require or recommend other packages,
they can declare that they conflict with other packages, etc. Packages can also depend on specific hardware.
See http://old-en.opensuse.org/Software_Management/Dependencies for more information. Zypper uses a dependency
solver to find out what packages need to be installed to satisfy the user's request.
COMMANDS
zypper provides a number of commands. Each command accepts the options listed in the GLOBAL OPTIONS section.
These options must be specified before the command name. In addition, many commands have specific options, which
are listed in this section. These command-specific options must be specified after the name of the command and
before any of the command arguments.
General Commands
help [command]
Shows help texts. If invoked without any argument (just ´zypper´ or ´zypper help´), zypper displays
global help text which lists all available global options and commands (except those provided only for
compatibility with rug).
If invoked with a command name argument, zypper displays help for the specified command, if such command
exists. Long as well as short variants of the command names can be used.
For your convenience, zypper help can be invoked in any of the following ways:
$ zypper help [command]
$ zypper -h|--help [command]
$ zypper [command] -h|--help
shell (sh)
Starts a shell for entering multiple commands in one session. Exit the shell using "exit", "quit", or
Ctrl-D.
The shell support is not complete so expect bugs there. However, there's no urgent need to use the shell
since libzypp became so fast thanks to the SAT solver and its tools (openSUSE 11.0), but still, you're
welcome to experiment with it.
Package Management Commands
info (if) [options] <name> ...
Displays detailed information about the specified packages.
For each specified package, zypper finds the best available version in defined repositories and shows
information for this package.
-r, --repo <alias|name|#|URI>
Work only with the repository specified by the alias, name, number or URI. This option can be used multi-
ple times.
-t, --type <type>
Type of package (default: package). See section Package Types for list of available package types.
--requires
Show also symbols required and pre-required by the package. Available for package and patch type only.
--recommends
Show also symbols recommended by the package. Available for package and patch type only.
Examples:
Show information about package 'workrave':
$ zypper info workrave
Show information about patch 'libzypp':
$ zypper info -t patch libzypp
Show information about pattern 'lamp_server':
$ zypper info -t pattern lamp_server
install (in) [options] <name|capability|rpm_file_uri> ...
Install or update packages.
The packages can be selected by their name or by a capability they provide.
Capability is: NAME, or "NAME[.ARCH][OP<EDITION>]", where ARCH is architecture code, OP is <, <=, =, >=,
or > and EDITION is VERSION[-RELEASE]. For example: zypper=0.8.8-2.
The NAME component of a capability is not only a package name but any symbol provided by packages:
/bin/vi, libcurl.so.3, perl(Time::ParseDate). Just remember to quote to protect the special characters
from the shell, for example: zypper\>0.8.10 or 'zypper>0.8.10'
If EDITION is not specified, the newest installable version will be installed. This also means that if
the package is already installed and newer versions are available, it will get upgraded to the newest
installable version.
If ARCH is not specified, or the last dot of the capability name string is not followed by known archi-
tecture, the solver will treat the whole string as a capability name. If the ARCH is known, the solver
will select a package matching that architecture and complain if such package cannot be found.
Zypper will report packages that it cannot find. Further, in interactive mode, zypper proceeds with
installation of the rest of requested packages, and it will abort immediately in non-interactive mode. In
both cases zypper returns ZYPPER_EXIT_INF_CAP_NOT_FOUND after finishing the operation.
Zypper is also able to install plain RPM files while trying to satisfy their dependencies using packages
from defined repositories. You can install a plain RPM file by specifying its location in the install
command arguments either as a local path or an URI. E.g.:
$ zypper install ~/rpms/foo.rpm http://some.site/bar.rpm
Zypper will download the files into its cache directory (/var/cache/zypper/RPMS), add this directory as a
temporary plaindir repository and mark the respective packages for installation.
In the install command, you can specify also packages you wish to remove in addition to the packages you
wish to install, by prepending their names by a '-' or '~' character. For example:
$ zypper install vim -emacs
$ zypper remove emacs +vim
will both install vim and remove emacs. Note that if you choose to use '-' with the first package you
specify, you need to write '--' before it to prevent its interpretation as a command option.
$ zypper install -- -boring-game great-game great-game-manual
-r, --repo <alias|name|#|URI>
Work only with the repository specified by the alias, name, number or URI. This option can be used multi-
ple times.
-t, --type <type>
Type of package to install (default: package). See section Package Types for list of available package
types.
If pattern is specified, and the pattern is not yet installed, all packages required and recommended by
the pattern will be installed. A pattern is considered installed if all the packages and patterns it
requires are installed. Thus a pattern can be evalueated as installed even if you do not install the pat-
tern itself, but rather the packages it requries. Use zypper search -t pattern [name] to look for avail-
able patterns and zypper info -t pattern <name> to list its contents.
If patch is specified, zypper will install and/or remove packages to satisfy specified patch. This is a
way to ensure that specific bug fix is installed. Like patterns, patches can also be evaluated as
installed by installing the packages needed to satisfy the patch. Use zypper list-patches to look for
available needed patches and zypper info -t patch <name> to display detailed information about a patch.
If product is specified, zypper ensures all packages required by the product are installed. Use zypper se
-t product [name] to look for available products and zypper info -t product <name> to display detailed
information about a product.
-n, --name
Select packages by their name, don't try to select by capabilities.
-f, --force
Install even if the item is already installed (reinstall), downgraded or changes vendor or architecture.
--oldpackage
Allow to replace a newer item with an older one. Handy if you are doing a rollback. Unlike --force it
will not enforce a reinstall, if the item is already installed with the requested version.
--from <alias|name|#|URI>
Select packages from specified repository. If strings specified as arguments to the install command match
packages in repositories specified in this option, they will be marked for installation. This option cur-
rently implies --name, but allows using wildcards for specifying packages.
-C, --capability
Select packages by capabilities.
-l, --auto-agree-with-licenses
Automatically say 'yes' to third party license confirmation prompt. By using this option, you choose to
agree with licenses of all third-party software this command will install. This option is particularly
useful for administators installing the same set of packages on multiple machines (by an automated
process) and have the licenses confirmed before.
--debug-solver
Create solver test case for debugging. Use this option, if you think the dependencies were not solved all
right and attach the resulting /var/log/zypper.solverTestCase directory to your bug report. To use this
option, simply add it to the problematic install or remove command.
--no-recommends
By default, zypper installs also packages recommended by the requested ones. This option causes the
recomended packages to be ignored and only the required ones to be installed.
-R, --no-force-resolution
Do not force the solver to find a solution. Instead, report dependency problem and prompt the user to
resolve it manually.
--force-resolution
Force the solver to find a solution, even if it would mean removing all packages with unfulfilled
requirements.
The default behavior is 'force' in the interactive mode and 'no-force' in the non-interactive mode. If
this option is specified, it takes the preference.
-D, --dry-run
Test the installation, do not actually install any package. This option will add the --test option to the
rpm commands run by the install command.
Download-and-install mode options:
-d, --download-only
Only download the packages for later installation.
--download-in-advance
First download all packages, then start installing.
--download-in-heaps
(Not yet implemented, currently the same as --download-in-advance). Download a minimal set of packages
that can be installed without leaving the system in broken state, and install them. Then download and
install another heap until all are installed. This helps to keep the system in consistent state without
the need to download all package in advance, which combines the advantages of --download-in-advance and
--download-as-needed. This is the default mode.
--download-as-needed
Download one package, install it immediately, and continue with the rest until all are installed.
--download <mode>
Use the specified download-and-install mode. Available modes are: only, in-advance, in-heaps, as-needed.
See corresponding --download-<mode> options for their description.
More examples:
Install lamp_server pattern:
$ zypper install -t pattern lamp_server
Install GhostScript viewer, but ignore recommended packages:
$ zypper install --no-recommends gv
Install version 2.0.6 of virtualbox-ose package (any of the following):
$ zypper install virtualbox-ose-2.0.6
$ zypper install virtualbox-ose=2.0.6
$ zypper install virtualbox-ose = 2.0.6
source-install (si) <name> ...
Install specified source packages and their build dependencies. If the name of a binary package is given,
the coresponding source package is looked up and installed instead.
This command will try to find the newest available versions of the source packages and use rpm -i to
install them and the packages that are required to build the source package.
Note that the source packages must be available in repositories you are using. You can check whether a
repository contains any source packages using the following command:
$ zypper search -t srcpackage -r <alias|name|#|URI>
-d, --build-deps-only
Install only build dependencies of specified packages.
-D, --no-build-deps
Don't install build dependencies.
-r, --repo <alias|name|#|URI>
Work only with the repository specified by the alias, name, number, or URI. This option can be used mul-
tiple times.
--download-only
Only download the packages, do not install.
Examples:
Install build dependencies of dbus-1 source package:
$ zypper si -d dbus-1
verify (ve) [options]
Check whether dependencies of installed packages are satisfied.
In case that any dependency problems are found, zypper suggests packages to install or remove to fix
them.
--no-recommends
By default, zypper installs also packages recommended by the requested ones (the ones needed to fix bro-
ken dependencies in this case). This option causes the recomended packages to be ignored and only the
required ones to be installed.
-D, --dry-run
Test the repair, do not actually do anything to the system.
-r, --repo <alias|name|#|URI>
Work only with the repository specified by the alias, name, number, or URI. This option can be used mul-
tiple times.
--debug-solver
Create solver test case for debugging. See the install command for details.
install-new-recommends (inr) [options]
Install newly added packages recommended by already installed ones. This can typically be used to
install language packages recently added to repositories or drivers for newly added hardware.
-r, --repo <alias|name|#|URI>
Work only with the repository specified by the alias, name, number, or URI. This option can be used mul-
tiple times.
-D, --dry-run
Test the installation, do not actually install anything.
--debug-solver
Create solver test case for debugging. See the install command for details.
This command also accepts the download-and-install mode options described
in the install command description.
remove (rm) [options] <name> ...
remove (rm) [options] --capability <capability> ...
Remove (uninstall) packages.
The packages can be selected by their name or by a capability they provide. For details on package
selection see the install command description.
-r, --repo <alias|name|#|URI>
Work only with the repository specified by the alias, name, number, or URI. This option can be used mul-
tiple times.
-t, --type <type>
Type of package (default: package). See section Package Types for list of available package types.
Since patches are not installed in sense of copying files or recording a database entry, they cannot be
uninstalled, even though zypper shows them as installed. The installed status is determined solely based
on the installed status of its required dependencies. If these dependencies are satisified, the patch is
rendered installed.
Uninstallation of patterns is currently not implemented.
-n, --name
Select packages by their name (default).
-C, --capability
Select packages by capabilities.
--debug-solver
Create solver test case for debugging. See the install command for details.
-R, --no-force-resolution
Do not force the solver to find a solution. Instead, report dependency problem and prompt the user to
resolve it manually.
--force-resolution
Force the solver to find a solution, even if it would mean removing all packages with unfulfilled
requirements.
The default behavior is 'force' in the interactive mode and 'no-force' in the non-interactive mode. If
this option is specified, it takes the preference.
-u, --clean-deps
Automatically remove dependencies which become unneeded after removal of requested packages.
-U, --no-clean-deps
No automatic removal of unneeded dependencies.
-D, --dry-run
Test the removal of packages, do not actually remove anything. This option will add the --test option to
the rpm commands run by the remove command.
Update Management Commands
list-updates (lu) [options]
List available updates.
This command will list only installable updates, i.e. updates which have no dependency problems, or which
do not change package vendor. This list is what the update command will propose to install. To list all
packages for which newer version are available, use --all option.
-t, --type <type>
Type of package (default: package). See section Package Types for list of available package types.
If patch is specified, zypper acts as if the list-patches command was executed.
-r, --repo <alias|name|#|URI>
Work only with the repository specified by the alias, name, number, or URI. This option can be used mul-
tiple times.
-a, --all
List all packages for which newer versions are available, regardles whether they are installable or not.
--best-effort
See the update command for description.
update (up) [options] [packagename] ...
Update installed packages with newer versions, where possible.
This command will not update packages which would require change of package vendor unless the vendor is
specified in /etc/zypp/vendors.d, or which would require manual resolution of problems with dependencies.
Such non-installable updates will then be listed in separate section of the summary as "The following
package updates will NOT be installed:".
To update individual packages, specify one or more package names. You can use the '*' and '?' wildcard
characters in the package names to specify multiple packages matching the pattern.
-t, --type <type>
Type of package (default: package). See section Package Types for list of available package types.
If patch is specified, zypper acts as if the patche command was executed.
-r, --repo <alias|name|#|URI>
Work only with the repository specified by the alias, name, number, or URI. This option can be used mul-
tiple times.
--skip-interactive
This will skip interactive patches, that is, those that need reboot, contain a message, or update a pack-
age whose license needs to be confirmed.
-l, --auto-agree-with-licenses
Automatically say 'yes' to third party license confirmation prompt. By using this option, you choose to
agree with licenses of all third-party software this command will install. This option is particularly
useful for administators installing the same set of packages on multiple machines (by an automated
process) and have the licenses confirmed before.
--debug-solver
Create solver test case for debugging. See the install command for details.
--no-recommends
By default, zypper installs also packages recommended by the requested ones. This option causes the
recomended packages to be ignored and only the required ones to be installed.
-R, --no-force-resolution
Do not force the solver to find a solution. Instead, report dependency problem and prompt the user to
resolve it manually.
--force-resolution
Force the solver to find a solution, even if it would mean removing all packages with unfulfilled
requirements.
The default behavior is 'no-force'. If this option is specified, it takes the preference.
-D, --dry-run
Test the update, do not actually install or update any package. This option will add the --test option to
the rpm commands run by the update command.
--best-effort
Do a 'best effort' approach to update. This method does not explicitly select packages with best version
and architecture, but instead requests installation of a package with higher version than the installed
one and leaves the rest on the dependency solver. This method is always used for packages, and is
optional for products and patterns. It is not applicable to patches.
This command also accepts the download-and-install mode options described
in the install command description.
list-patches (lp) [options]
List all available needed patches.
This command is similar to 'zypper list-updates -t patch'.
Note that since the arguments of some of the following options are not required, they must be specified
using '=' instead of a space.
-b, --bugzilla[=#]
List available needed patches for all Bugzilla issues, or issues whose number matches the given string.
--cve[=#]
List available needed patches for all CVE issues, or issues whose number matches the given string.
-g, --category <category>
List available patches in the specified category.
--issues[=string]
Look for issues whose number, summary, or description matches the specified string. Issues found by num-
ber are displayed separately from those found by descriptions. In the latter case, use zypper patch-info
<patchname> to get information about issues the patch fixes.
-a, --all
By default, only patches that are relevant and needed on your system are listed. This option causes all
available released patches to be listed. This option can be combined with all the rest of the list-
updates command options.
-r, --repo <alias|name|#|URI>
Work only with the repository specified by the alias, name, number, or URI. This option can be used mul-
tiple times.
patch-check (pchk)
Check for patches. Displays a count of applicable patches and how many of them have the security cate-
gory.
See also the EXIT CODES section for details on exit status of 0, 100, and 101 returned by this command.
-r, --repo <alias|name|#|URI>
Check for patches only in the repository specified by the alias, name, number, or URI. This option can
be used multiple times.
patch [options]
Install all available needed patches.
If there are patches that affect the package management itself, those will be installed first and you
will be asked to run the patch command again.
This command is similar to 'zypper update -t patch'.
-b, --bugzilla <#>
Install patch fixing a Bugzilla issue specified by number. Use list-patches --bugzilla command to get a
list of available needed patches for specific issues.
--cve <#>
Install patch fixing a MITRE's CVE issue specified by number. Use list-patches --cve command to get a
list of available needed patches for specific issues.
-g, --category <category>
Install all patches in the specified category. Use list-patches --category command to get a list of
available patches for a specific category.
-r, --repo <alias|name|#|URI>
Work only with the repository specified by the alias, name, number, or URI. This option can be used mul-
tiple times.
--skip-interactive
Skip interactive patches.
--with-interactive
Avoid skipping of interactive patches when in non-interactive mode.
-l, --auto-agree-with-licenses
See the update command for description of this option.
--no-recommends
By default, zypper installs also packages recommended by the requested ones. This option causes the
recomended packages to be ignored and only the required ones to be installed.
--debug-solver
Create test case for debugging of dependency resolver.
-D, --dry-run
Test the update, do not actually update.
This command also accepts the download-and-install mode options described
in the install command description.
dist-upgrade (dup) [options]
Perform a distribution upgrade. This command applies the state of (specified) repositories onto the sys-
tem; upgrades (or even downgrades) installed packages to versions found in repositories, removes packages
that are no longer in the repositories and pose a dependency problem for the upgrade, handles package
splits and renames, etc.
If no repositories are specified via --from or --repo options, zypper will do the upgrade with all
defined repositories. This can be a problem if the system contains conflicting repositories, like reposi-
tories for two different distribution releases. This often happens if one forgets to remove an older
release repository after adding a new one, say openSUSE 11.1 and openSUSE 11.2.
To avoid the above trouble, you can specify the repositories from which to do the upgrade using the
--from or --repo options. The difference between these two is that when --repo is used, zypper uses only
the specified repositories, while with --from zypper can also use the rest of the enabled repositories to
satisfy package dependencies.
--from <alias|name|#|URI>
Restricts the upgrade to the specified repositories (the option can be used multiple times) only, but can
satisfy dependencies also from the rest of enabled repositories.
-r, --repo <alias|name|#|URI>
Work only with the repository specified by the alias, name, number, or URI. This option can be used mul-
tiple times.
-l, --auto-agree-with-licenses
Automatically say 'yes' to third party license confirmation prompt. By using this option, you choose to
agree with licenses of all third-party software this command will install. This option is particularly
useful for administators installing the same set of packages on multiple machines (by an automated
process) and have the licenses confirmed before.
--no-recommends
By default, zypper installs also packages recommended by the requested ones. This option causes the
recomended packages to be ignored and only the required ones to be installed.
--debug-solver
Create solver test case for debugging. See the install command for details.
-D, --dry-run
Test the upgrade, do not actually install or update any package. This option will add the --test option
to the rpm commands run by the dist-upgrade command.
This command also accepts the download-and-install mode options described
in the install command description.
Examples:
Upgrade the system using 'factory' and 'packman' repository:
$ zypper install zypper libzypp
$ zypper dup --from factory --from packman
Query Commands
search (se) [options] [querystring|capability] ...
Search for packages matching any of the given strings. * (any substring) and ? (any character) wildcards
can also be used within search strings. If the search string is enclosed in '/', for example $ zypper se
'/^k.*e$/', it's interpreted as a regular expression. It's also possible to specify a capability like
"NAME[.ARCH][OP<EDITION>]", where ARCH is an architecture code, OP is <, <=, =, >=, or > and EDITION is
VERSION[-RELEASE]. Also quote here to protect the special characters from the shell, for example: $ zyp-
per se 'libgcc>4.6'.
Results of search are printed in a table with following columns: S (status), Catalog, Type (type of pack-
age), Name, Version, Arch (architecture). The status column can contain the following values: i -
installed, v - another version installed, or an empty space for neither of the former cases.
The 'v' status is only shown if the version or the repository matters (--details or --repo is used), and
the installed version differs from the one listed or is from a repository other than specified.
This command accepts the following options:
--match-substrings
Matches for search strings may be partial words (default).
--match-words
Matches for search strings may only be whole words.
--match-exact
Searches for an exact name of the package.
--provides
Search for packages which provide the search strings. A search string here might be also any symbol pro-
vided by a package like /bin/vi, libcurl.so.3, perl(Time::ParseDate), web_browser, e.g. search for the
package which provides the shell: zypper se --provides /bin/sh
--requires
Search for packages which require the search strings. A search string here might be also any symbol
required by a package, e.g. all packages which require the snapper library: zypper se --requires libsnap-
per.so
--recommends
Search for packages which recommend the search strings, e.g. zypper se --recommends usb_modeswitch
--suggests
Search for packages which suggest the search strings, e.g. zypper se --suggests acroread
--conflicts
Search for packages conflicting with the search strings, e.g. zypper se --conflicts aspell-hi
--obsoletes
Search for packages wich obsolete the search strings, e.g. zypper se --obsoletes efence
-n, --name
Useful together with dependency options, otherwise searching in package name is default.
-f, --file-list
Search in file list of packages.
-d, --search-descriptions
Search also in summaries and descriptions.
-C, --case-sensitive
Perform case-sensitive search.
-i, --installed-only
Show only packages that are already installed.
-u, --uninstalled-only
Show only packages that are not currently installed.
-t, --type <type>
Search only for packages of specified type. See section Package Types for list of available package
types. Multiple -t option are allowed.
See also the type-specific query commands like packages, patterns, etc.
-r, --repo <alias|name|#|URI>
Work only with the repository specified by the alias, name, number, or URI. This option can be used mul-
tiple times.
--sort-by-name
Sort packages by name (default).
--sort-by-repo
Sort packages by catalog, not by name.
-s, --details
Show all available versions of found packages, each version in each repository on a separate line.
-v, --verbose
Like --details with additional information where the search has matched (useful when searching for depen-
dencies, e.g. --provides).
Examples:
Search for YaST packages (quote the string to prevent the shell from expanding the wildcard):
$ zypper se 'yast*'
Show all available versions of package 'kernel-default':
$ zypper se -s --match-exact kernel-default
Look for RSI acronym (case-sensitively), also in summaries and descriptions:
$ zypper se -dC --match-words RSI
packages (pa) [options] [repository] ...
List all available packages or all packages from specified repositories. Similar to zypper search -s -t
package.
-r, --repo <alias|name|#|URI>
Just another means to specify repositories.
-i, --installed-only
Show only installed packages.
-u, --uninstalled-only
Show only packages which are not installed.
patches (pch) [options] [repository] ...
List all available patches from specified repositories, including those not needed. Similar to zypper
search -s -t patch.
-r, --repo <alias|name|#|URI>
Just another means to specify repositories.
patterns (pt) [options] [repository] ...
List all available patterns or all patterns from specified repositories. Similar to zypper search -s -t
pattern.
-r, --repo <alias|name|#|URI>
Just another means to specify repositories.
-i, --installed-only
Show only installed patterns.
-u, --uninstalled-only
Show only patterns which are not installed.
products (pd) [options] [repository] ...
List all available products or all products from specified repositories. Similar to zypper search -s -t
product, but shows also the type of the product (base, add-on).
-r, --repo <alias|name|#|URI>
Just another means to specify repositories.
-i, --installed-only
Show only installed products.
-u, --uninstalled-only
Show only products which are not installed.
what-provides (wp) <capability>
List all packages providing the specified capability. See also the install command for hint about capa-
bilities.
what-provides is replaced by the search command, which now has the functionality to search for dependen-
cies (and allows various options).
The command line is automatically transformed to the appropriate search, e.g.:
$ zypper what-provides 'zypper>1.6' to $ zypper se --provides --match-exact 'zypper>1.6'
Repository Management
Zypper is able to work with YaST, RPM-MD (yum) software repositories, and plain directories containing .rpm
files.
Repositories are primarily identified using their URI or alias. Alias serves as a shorthand for the long URI or
name of the repository. The name of the repository should briefly describe the repository and is shown to the
user in tables and messages. The name is not required, and if not known, the alias is shown instead. The alias
is required and uniquely identifies the repository on the system.
The alias, name, URI, or the number from zypper repos list can be used to specify a repository as an argument of
various zypper commands and options like refresh, --repo, or --from.
Supported URI formats:
CD or DVD drive
Optionally with devices list for probing.
cd:///
dvd:/subdir?devices=/dev/sr0,/dev/sr1
FTP/HTTP/HTTPS directory tree
The ftp URL scheme supports absolute and relative paths to the default ftp server directory (RFC1738,
Section 3.2.2). To use an absolute path, you have to prepend the path with an additional slash, what
results in a "/%2f" combination (second "/" encoded to "%2f") at the begin of the URL path. This is
important, especially in user authenticated ftp, where the users home is usually the default directory of
the server (except when the server chroots into the users home directory).
Explicit proxy settings may be passed via optional parameters proxy, proxyport, proxyuser and proxypass.
HTTP authentication methods to use can be defined as comma separated list via optional parameter auth.
Valid methods are e.g. 'basic', 'digest', 'ntlm', 'negotiate'. Note, that this list depends on the list
of methods supported by the curl library.
ftp://user:pass@server/path/to/media/dir
ftp://user:pass@server/%2fhome/user/path/to/media/dir
http://user:pass@server/path
https://user:pass@server/path?proxy=foo&proxyuser=me&proxypass=pw
Disk volume (partition)
Mandatory device parameter specifying the name of the block device to mount. The name of the optional
filesystem defaults to "auto".
hd:/subdir?device=/dev/sda1&filesystem=reiserfs
Local directory tree
dir:/directory/name
Media in an ISO image (loopback mounted)
Mandatory iso parameter specifying the name of the iso file. Optional url parameter specifying the URL to
the directory containing the iso file. Optional mnt parameter specifying the preferred attach point for
the source media url. Optional filesystem name of the filesystem used in the iso file. Defaults to
"auto".
iso:/?iso=CD1.iso&url=nfs://server/path/to/media
iso:/?iso=CD1.iso&url=hd:/?device=/dev/hda
iso:/subdir?iso=DVD1.iso&url=nfs://nfs-server/directory&mnt=/nfs/attach/point&filesystem=udf
NFS exported directory tree
To use NFSv4 either use schema tnfsv4:// or pass an optional parameter type=nfs4. Additional mountoptions
can be passed as comma separated list. Defaults to "ro".
nfs://nfs-server/exported/path
nfs://nfs-server/exported/path?mountoptions=ro&type=nfs4
nfs4://nfs-server/exported/path?mountoptions=ro
CIFS/SMB directory tree
There is no difference between cifs and smb scheme (any more). In both cases the cifs filesystem is used.
Additional mountoptions can be passed as comma separated list. Defaults to "ro,guest". Specify "noguest"
to turn off "guest". This is necessary if Samba is configured to reject guest connections.
Optional workgroup or domain parameter set the name of the workgroup. As alternative to passing user-
name:password in the URI authority the parameters user and pass can be used.
smb://servername/share/path/on/the/share
cifs://usenr:passw@servername/share/path/on/the/share?mountoptions=ro,noguest
cifs://usern:passw@servername/share/path/on/the/share?workgroup=mygroup
cifs://servername/share/path/on/the/share?user=usern&pass=passw
Apart from the above, repositories have several other properties which can be set using the commands described
in this section below, or by manually editing the repository definition files (.repo files, see section FILES).
addrepo (ar) [options] <URI> <alias>
addrepo (ar) [options] <FILE.repo>
Add a new repository specified by URI and assign specified alias to it or specify URI to a .repo file.
Newly added repositories have auto-refresh disabled by default (except for repositories imported from a
.repo, having the auto-refresh enabled). To enable auto-refresh, use the --refresh option of the modi-
fyrepo command.
Also, this command does not automatically refresh the newly added repositories. The repositories will
get refreshed when used for the first time, or you can use the refresh command after finishing your modi-
fications with *repo commands. See also METADATA REFRESH POLICY section for more details.
-r, --repo <file.repo>
Read URI and alias from specified .repo file
-t, --type <type>
Type of repository (yast2, rpm-md, or plaindir). There are several aliases defined for these types: yast2
- susetags, yast, YaST, YaST2, YAST; rpm-md - repomd, rpmmd, yum, YUM; plaindir - Plaindir.
-d, --disable
Add the repository as disabled. Repositories are added as enabled by default.
-c, --check
Probe given URI.
-C, --nocheck
Don't probe URI, probe later during refresh.
-n, --name
Specify descriptive name for the repository.
-k, --keep-packages
Enable RPM files caching for the repository.
-K, --no-keep-packages
Disable RPM files caching.
-f, --refresh
Enable autorefresh of the repository. The autorefresh is disabled by default when adding new reposito-
ries.
Examples:
Add an HTTP repository, probe it, name it 'Packman 11.1 repo', and use 'packman' as alias:
$ zypper ar -c -n 'Packman 11.1 repo' http://packman.iu-bremen.de/suse/11.1 packman
Add repositories from a repo file:
$ zypper ar http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/zypp:/svn/openSUSE_Factory/zypp:svn.repo
$ zypper ar myreposbackup.repo
removerepo (rr) [options] <alias|name|#|URI> ...
Delete repositories specified by aliases, names, numbers or URIs.
--loose-auth
Ignore user authentication data in the URI
--loose-query
Ignore query string in the URI
repos (lr) [options] [repo] ...
List all defined repositories or show detailed information about those specified as arguments
The following data can be printed for each repository found on the sytem: # (repository number), Alias
(shorthand for Name), Name, Enabled (whether the repository is enabled), Refresh (whether auto-refresh is
enabled for the repository), Priority, Type (repository meta-data type: rpm-md, yast2, plaindir). Which
of the data is shown is determined by command line options listed below and the main.repoListColumns set-
ting from zypper.conf. By default, #, Alias, Name, Enabled, and Refresh is shown.
Repository number is a unique identifier of the repository in current set of repositories. If you add,
remove or change a repository, the numbers may change. Keep that in mind when using the numbers with the
repository handling commands. On the other hand, using the alias instead of the number is always safe.
To show detailed information about specific repositories, specify them as arguments, either by alias,
name, number from simple zypper lr, or by URI; e.g. fB zypper lr factory, or zypper lr 2.
-e, --export <FILE.repo|->
This option causes zypper to write repository definition of all defined repositories into a single file
in repo file format. If '-' is specified instead of a file name, the repositories will be written to the
standard output.
-a, --alias
Add alias column to the output.
-n, --name
Add name column to the output.
-u, --uri
Add base URI column to the output.
-p, --priority
Add repository priority column to the output.
-r, --refresh
Add the autorefresh column to the output.
-d, --details
Show more information like URI, priority, type, etc.
-E, --show-enabled-only
Show enabled repositories only.
-U, --sort-by-uri
Add base URI column and sort the list it.
-P, --sort-by-priority
Add repository priority column and sort the list by it.
-A, --sort-by-alias
Sort the list by alias.
-N, --sort-by-name
Sort the list by name.
Examples:
Backup your repository setup:
$ zypper repos -e myreposbackup.repo
List repositories with their URIs and priorities:
$ zypper lr -pu
renamerepo (nr) <alias|name|#|URI> <new-alias>
Assign new alias to the repository specified by alias, name, number, or URI.
Example:
Rename repository number 8 to 'myrepo' (useful if the repo has some dreadful alias which is not usable on
the command line).
$ zypper nr 8 myrepo
modifyrepo (mr) <options> <alias|name|#|URI> ...
modifyrepo (mr) <options> <--all|--remote|--local|--medium-type>
Modify properties of repositories specified by alias, name, number, or URI or one of the aggregate
options.
-e, --enable
Enable the repository.
-d, --disable
Disable the repository.
-r, --refresh
Enable auto-refresh for the repository.
-R, --no-refresh
Disable auto-refresh for the repository.
-p, --priority <positive-integer>
Set priority of the repository. Priority of 1 is the highest, the higher the number the lower the prior-
ity. Default priority is 99. Packages from repositories with higher priority will be preferred even in
case there is a higher installable version available in the repository with a lower priority.
-n, --name
Set a descriptive name for the repository.
-k, --keep-packages
Enable RPM files caching.
-K, --no-keep-packages
Disable RPM files caching.
-a, --all
Apply changes to all repositories.
-l, --local
Apply changes to all local repositories.
-t, --remote
Apply changes to all remote repositories (http/https/ftp).
-m, --medium-type <type>
Apply changes to repositories of specified type. The type corresponds to the repository URI scheme iden-
tifier like http, dvd, etc. You can find complete list of valid types at http://en.opensuse.org/open-
SUSE:Libzypp_URIs.
Examples:
Enable keeping of packages for all remote repositories:
$ zypper mr -kt
Enable repository 'updates' and switch on autorefresh for the repo:
$ zypper mr -er updates
Disable all repositories:
$ zypper mr -da
refresh (ref) [alias|name|#|URI] ...
Refresh repositories specified by their alias, name, number, or URI. If no repositories are specified,
all enabled repositories will be refreshed.
See also METADATA REFRESH POLICY section for more details.
-f, --force
Force a complete refresh of specified repositories. This option will cause both the download of raw meta-
data and parsing of the metadata to be forced even if everything indicates a refresh is not needed.
-b, --force-build
Force only reparsing of cached metadata and rebuilding of the database. Raw metadata download will not be
forced.
-d, --force-download
Force only download of current copy of repository metadata. Parsing and rebuild of the database will not
be forced.
-B, --build-only
Only parse the metadata and build the database, don't download raw metadata into the cache. This will
enable you to repair damaged database from cached data without accessing network at all.
-D, --download-only
Only download the raw metadata, don't parse it or build the database.
-s, --services
Refresh also services before refreshing repositories.
clean (cc) [options] [alias|name|#|URI] ...
Clean the local caches for all known or specified repositories. By default,
only caches of downloaded packages are cleaned.
-m, --metadata
Clean repository metadata cache instead of package cache.
-M, --raw-metadata
Clean repository raw metadata cache instead of package cache.
-a, --all
Clean both repository metadata and package caches.
Service Management
The services, addservice, removeservice, modifyservice, and refresh-services commands serve for manipulating
services. A service is specified by its URI and needs to have a unique alias defined (among both services and
repositories).
Standalone repositories (not belonging to any service) are treated like services, too. The ls command will list
them, ms command will modify them, etc. Repository specific options, like --keep-packages are not available
here, though. You can use repository handling commands to manipulate them.
addservice (as) [options] <URI> <alias>
Adds a service specified by URI to the system. The alias must be unique and serves to identify the ser-
vice.
Newly added services are not refereshed automatically. Use the refresh-services command to refresh them.
Zypper does not access the service URI when adding the service, so the type of the services is unknown
until it is refreshed.
This command also allows to add also ordinary repositories when used with --type option, where you spec-
ify the type of the repository. See the addrepo command for the list of supported repository types.
-t, --type <TYPE>
Type of the service (possible values: ris). There are several aliases defined for this type: ris - RIS,
nu, NU
-d, --disable
Add the service as disabled.
-n, --name
Specify descriptive name for the service.
removeservice (rs) [options] <alias|name|#|URI> ...
Remove specified repository index service from the sytem.
Removing an RIS service will result in removing of all of its repositories.
--loose-auth
Ignore user authentication data in the URI.
--loose-query
Ignore query string in the URI.
modifyservice (ms) <options> <alias|name|#|URI>
modifyservice (ms) <options> <--all|--remote|--local|--medium-type> Modify properties of specified ser-
vices.
Common Options
These options are common to all types of services and repositories.
-d, --disable
Disable the service (but don't remove it).
-e, --enable
Enable a disabled service.
-r, --refresh
Enable auto-refresh of the service.
-R, --no-refresh
Disable auto-refresh of the service.
-n, --name
Set a descriptive name for the service.
-a, --all
Apply changes to all services.
-l, --local
Apply changes to all local services.
-t, --remote
Apply changes to all remote services.
-m, --medium-type <type>
Apply changes to services of specified type.
RIS Service Specific Options
These options are ignored by services other than Repository Index Services.
-i, --ar-to-enable <alias>
Schedule an RIS service repository to be enabled at next service refresh.
-I, --ar-to-disable <alias>
Schedule an RIS service repository to be disabled at next service refresh.
-j, --rr-to-enable <alias>
Remove a RIS service repository to enable.
-J, --rr-to-disable <alias>
Remove a RIS service repository to disable.
-k, --cl-to-enable
Clear the list of RIS repositories to enable.
-K, --cl-to-disable
Clear the list of RIS repositories to disable.
services (ls) [options]
List services defined on the system.
-u, --uri
Show also base URI of repositories.
-p, --priority
Show also repository priority.
-d, --details
Show more information like URI, priority, type.
-r, --with-repos
Show also repositories belonging to the services.
-P, --sort-by-priority
Sort the list by repository priority.
-E, --show-enabled-only
Show enabled services only. If used together with --with-repos a disabled service owning (manually)
enabled repositories is shown as well.
-U, --sort-by-uri
Sort the list by URI.
-N, --sort-by-name
Sort the list by name.
refresh-services (refs) [options] <alias|name|#|URI> ...
Refreshing a service mean executing the service's special task.
RIS services add, remove, or modify repositories on your system based on current content of the reposi-
tory index. Services only manage defined repositories, they do not refresh them. To refresh also reposi-
tories, use --with-repos option or the refresh command.
-r, --with-repos
Refresh also repositories.
TODO more info
Package Locks Management
Package locks serve the purpose of preventing changes to the set of installed packages on the system. The locks
are stored in form of a query in /etc/zypp/locks file (see also locks(5)). Packages matching this query are
then forbidden to change their installed status; an installed package can't be removed, not installed package
can't be installed. When requesting to install or remove such locked package, you will get a dependency problem
dialog.
locks (ll)
List currently active package locks.
addlock (al) [options] <package-name> ...
Add a package lock. Specify packages to lock by exact name or by a glob pattern using '*' and '?' wild-
card characters.
-r, --repo <alias|name|#|URI>
Restrict the lock to the specified repository.
-t, --type <type>
Lock only packages of specified type (default: package). See section Package Types for list of available
package types.
removelock (rl) [options] <lock-number|package-name> ...
Remove specified package lock. Specify the lock to remove by its number obtained with zypper locks or by
the package name.
-r, --repo <alias|name|#|URI>
Restrict the lock to the specified repository.
-t, --type <type>
Restrict the lock to packages of specified type (default: package). See section Package Types for list
of available package types.
cleanlocks (cl)
Remove unused locks.
This command looks for locks that do not currently (with regard to repositories used) lock any package
and for each such lock it asks user whether to remove it.
Other Commands
versioncmp (vcmp) <version1> <version2>
Compare the versions supplied as arguments and tell whether version1 is older or newer than version2 or
the two version strings match.
The default output is in human-friendly form. If --terse global option is used, the result is an integer
number, negative/positive if version1 is older/newer than version2, zero if they match.
-m, --match
Takes missing release number as any release. For example
$ zypper vcmp -m 0.15.3 0.15.3-2
0.15.3 matches 0.15.3-2
$ zypper vcmp 0.15.3 0.15.3-2
0.15.3 is older than 0.15.3-2
targetos (tos)
Shows the ID string of the target operating system. The string has a form of distroname-arch. The string
is determined by libzypp, the distroname is read from <current-rootdir>/etc/products.d/baseproduct and
the architecture is determined from uname and CPU flags.
licenses
Prints a report about licenses and EULAs of installed packages to standard output.
First, a list of all packages and their licenses and/or EULAs is shown. This is followed by a summary,
including the total number of installed packages, the number of installed packages with EULAs that
required a confirmation from the user. Since the EULAs are not stored on the system and can only be read
from repository metadata, the summary includes also the number of installed packages that have their
counterpart in repositories. The report ends with a list of all licenses uses by the installed packages.
This command can be useful for companies redistributiong a custom distribution (like appliances) to fig-
ure out what licenses they are bound by.
source-download
Download source rpms for all installed packages to a local directory.
-d, --directory <dir>
Download all source rpms to this directory. Default is /var/cache/zypper/source-download.
--delete
Delete extraneous source rpms in the local directory. This is the default.
--no-delete
Do not delete extraneous source rpms.
--status
Don't download any source rpms, but show which source rpms are missing or extraneous.
ps After each upgrade or removal of packages, there may be running processes on the system which then use
files meanwhile deleted by the upgrade. zypper ps lists these processes, together with the corresponding
deleted files, and a service name hint, in case it's a known service. The list contains the following
information:
* PID ID of the process
* PPID ID of the parent process
* UID ID of the user running the process
* Login login name of the user running the process
* Command command used to execute the process
* Service guessed name of the service. If an init script exists for this
service, you can do "rcservicename restart" to restart it.
* Files the list of the deleted files
GLOBAL OPTIONS
-h, --help
Help. If a command is specified together with --help option, command specific help is displayed.
-V, --version
Print zypper version number and exit.
-c, --config <file>
Use specified zypper config file instead of the default files. Other command line options specified
together with --config and having their counterpart in the config file are still prefered. The order of
preference with --config is as follows:
* Command line options
* --config <file>
[ /etc/zypp/zypp.conf ] (system-wide defaults for all libzypp based applications)
See also FILES section for more information.
-v, --verbose
Increase verbosity. For debugging output specify this option twice.
-q, --quiet
Suppress normal output. Brief (esp. result notification) messages and error messages will still be
printed, though. If used together with conflicting --verbose option, the --verbose option takes prefer-
ence.
-A, --no-abbrev
Do not abbreviate text in tables. By default zypper will try to abbreviate texts in some columns so that
the table fits the width of the screen. If you need to see the whole text, use this option.
-t, --terse
Terse output for machine consumption. Currently not used and provided only for compatibility with rug.
-s, --table-style
Specifies table style to use. Table style is identified by an integer number. TODO
-r, --rug-compatible
Turns on rug compatibility. See section COMPATIBILITY WITH RUG for details.
-n, --non-interactive
Switches to non-interactive mode. In this mode zypper doesn't ask user to type answers to various
prompts, but uses default answers automatically. The behaviour of this option is somewhat different than
that of options like '--yes', since zypper can answer different answers to different questions. The
answers also depend on other options like '--no-gpg-checks'.
-x, --xmlout
Switches to XML output. This option is useful for scripts or graphical frontends using zypper.
-i, --ignore-unknown
Ignore unknown packages. This option is useful for scripts.
-D, --reposd-dir <dir>
Use the specified directory to look for the repository definition (*.repo) files. The default value is
/etc/zypp/repos.d.
-C, --cache-dir <dir>
Use an alternative root directory for all caches. The default value is /var/cache/zypp.
--raw-cache-dir <dir>
Use the specified directory for storing raw copies of repository metadata files. The default value is
/var/cache/zypp/raw.
--solv-cache-dir <dir>
Use the specified directory to store the repository metadata cache database files (solv files). The
default value is /var/cache/zypp/solv.
--pkg-cache-dir <dir>
Use the specified directory for storing downloaded rpm packages. (see addrepo --keep-packages) The
default value is /var/cache/zypp/packages.
--userdata <string>
User data is expected to be a simple string without special chars or embedded newlines and may serve as
transaction id. It will be written to all install history log entries created throughout this specific
zypper call. It will also be passed on to zypp plugins executed during commit. This will enable e.g. a
btrfs plugin to tag created snapshots with this string. For zypper itself this string has no special
meaning.
Repository Options:
--no-gpg-checks
Ignore GPG check failures and continue. If a GPG issue occurs when using this option zypper prints and
logs a warning and automatically continues without interrupting the operation. Use this option with cau-
tion, as you can easily overlook security problems by using it.
--gpg-auto-import-keys
If new repository signing key is found, do not ask what to do; trust and import it automatically. This
option causes that the new key is imported also in non-interactive mode, where it would otherwise got
rejected.
-p, --plus-repo <URI>
Use an additional repository for this operation. The repository aliased tmp# and named by the specified
URI will be added for this operation and removed at the end. You can specify this option multiple times.
--disable-repositories
Do not read metadata from repositories. This option will prevent loading of packages from repositories,
thus making zypper work only with the installed packages (if --disable-system-resolvables was not speci-
fied).
--no-refresh
Do not auto-refresh repositories (ignore the auto-refresh setting). Useful to save time when doing opera-
tions like search, if there is not a need to have a completely up to date metadata.
--no-cd
Ignore CD/DVD repositories. When this option is specified, zypper acts as if the CD/DVD repositories were
not defined at all.
--no-remote
Ignore remote repositories like http, ftp, smb and similar. This makes using zypper easier when being
offline. When this option is specified, zypper acts as if the remote repositories were not defined at
all.
Target Options:
-R, --root <dir>
Operates on a different root directory. This option influences the location of the repos.d directory and
the metadata cache directory and also causes rpm to be run with the --root option to do the actual
installation or removal of packages. Note that the ZYpp lock is still created in the original system, as
well as temporary files. See also the FILES section.
--disable-system-resolvables
This option serves mainly for testing purposes. It will cause zypper to act as if there were no packages
installed in the system. Use with caution as you can damage your system using this option.
FILES
/etc/zypp/zypper.conf, $HOME/.zypper.conf
Global (system-wide) and user's configuration file for zypper. These files are read when zypper starts
up and --config option is not used.
User's settings are prefered over global settings. Similarly, command line options override the settings
in either of these files. To sum it up, the order of preference is as follows (from highest to lowest):
* Command line options
* $HOME/.zypper.conf
* /etc/zypp/zypper.conf
[ /etc/zypp/zypp.conf ] (system-wide defaults for all libzypp based applications)
See the comments in /etc/zypp/zypper.conf for a list and description of available options.
/etc/zypp/zypp.conf
ZYpp configuration file affecting all libzypp based applications. See the comments in the file for
desciption of configurable properties. Many locations of files and directories listed in this section
are configurable via zypp.conf. The location for this file itself can be redefined only by setting
$ZYPP_CONF in the environment.
/etc/zypp/locks
File with package lock definitions, see locks(5) manual page for details. The package lock commands
(addlock, removelock, etc.) can be used to manipulate this file.
This file is used by all ZYpp-based applications.
/etc/zypp/repos.d
Directory containing repository definition (*.repo) files. You can use the Repository Management com-
mands to manipulate these files, or you can edit them yourself. In either case, after doing the modifica-
tions, executing zypper refresh is strongly recommended.
This directory is used by all ZYpp-based applications.
You can use the --reposd-dir global option to use an alternative directory for this purpose or the --root
option to make this directory relative to the specified root directory.
/etc/zypp/services.d
Directory containing service definition (*.service) files. You can use the Service Management Commands
to manipulate theese files, or you can edit them youself. Running zypper refs is recommended after modi-
fications have been done.
This directory is used by all ZYpp-based applications.
/var/cache/zypp/raw
Directory for storing raw metadata contained in repositories. This directory is used by all ZYpp-based
applications. Use the --raw-cache-dir global option to use an alternative directory for this purpose or
the --root option to make this directory relative to the specified root directory.
/var/cache/zypp/solv
Directory containing preparsed metadata in form of solv files. This directory is used by all ZYpp-based
applications.
/var/cache/zypp/packages
If keeppackages property is set for a repository (see the modifyrepo command), all the RPM file down-
loaded during installation will be kept here. See also the clean command for cleaning these cache direc-
tories.
This directory is used by all ZYpp-based applications.
/var/log/zypp/history
Installation history log.
~/.zypper_history
Command history for the shell.
EXIT CODES
There are several exit codes defined for zypper for use e.g. within scripts. These codes are defined in header
file src/zypper-main.h found in zypper source package. Codes from interval (1-5) denote an error, numbers
(100-105) provide a specific information, 0 represents a normal successful run. Following is a list of these
codes with descriptions.
0 - ZYPPER_EXIT_OK
Successfull run of zypper with no special info.
1 - ZYPPER_EXIT_ERR_BUG
Unexpected situation occured, probably caused by a bug.
2 - ZYPPER_EXIT_ERR_SYNTAX
zypper was invoked with an invalid command or option, or a bad syntax.
3 - ZYPPER_EXIT_ERR_INVALID_ARGS
Some of provided arguments were invalid. E.g. an invalid URI was provided to the addrepo command.
4 - ZYPPER_EXIT_ERR_ZYPP
A problem is reported by ZYPP library.
5 - ZYPPER_EXIT_ERR_PRIVILEGES
User invoking zypper has insufficient privileges for specified operation.
6 - ZYPPER_EXIT_NO_REPOS
No repositories are defined.
7 - ZYPPER_EXIT_ZYPP_LOCKED
The ZYPP library is locked, e.g. packagekit is running.
100 - ZYPPER_EXIT_INF_UPDATE_NEEDED
Returned by the patch-check command if there are patches available for installation.
101 - ZYPPER_EXIT_INF_SEC_UPDATE_NEEDED
Returned by the patch-check command if there are security patches available for installation.
102 - ZYPPER_EXIT_INF_REBOOT_NEEDED
Returned after a successfull installation of a patch which requires reboot of computer.
103 - ZYPPER_EXIT_INF_RESTART_NEEDED
Returned after a successfull installation of a patch which requires restart of the package manager
itself. This means that one of patches to be installed affects the package manager itself and the command
used (e.g. zypper update) needs to be executed once again to install any remaining patches.
104 - ZYPPER_EXIT_INF_CAP_NOT_FOUND
Returned by the install and the remove command in case any of the arguments does not match any of the
available (or installed) package names or other capabilities.
105 - ZYPPER_EXIT_ON_SIGNAL
Returned upon exiting after receiving a SIGINT or SIGTERM.
COMPATIBILITY WITH RUG
zypper is designed to be compatible with rug, which is a command-line interface to the ZENworks Linux Management
(ZLM) agent. Compared to rug, zypper does not need the ZLM daemon to run, and is intented to provide more and
improved functionality. Following is a list of zypper-rug command aliases, supported rug command line options,
and compatibility notes. See also compatibility notes in descriptions of zypper commands.
To enable rug-compatible behavior, use the -r or --rug-compatible global option with each command.
Service Management Commands
ZENworks uses different terminology than ZYpp. ZLM services are ZYpp's repositories and services. Additionally
some ZLM services can contain catalogs (rpmmd-type repositories in ZYpp speak).
Zypper tries to mimick rug's behavior in its service handling commands when used with the -r global option. It
also supports the --catalog option for specifying catalogs to work with in current operation (this is an alias
for zypper's --repo option).
rug service-add (sa)
zypper addservice (as) When used with -r global option, this command probes the type of service or repos-
itory at the specified URI, if not explicitly specified. Without -r option the URI is not accessed at all
and the URI is added as ZYpp service.
rug service-delete (sd)
zypper removeservice (rs)
rug service-list (sl)
zypper services (ls)
rug catalogs (ca)
zypper repos (lr)
zypper doesn't include 'Enabled' and 'Refresh' columns and prints rug's 'Status' column with values
"Active" or "Disabled" instead.
rug subscribe
This command is not implemented in zypper. Enabling zypper repositories is closest to rug's subscription
of catalogs. Thus, you can use zypper mr -e <alias|name|#|URI> to enable repositories added by the ser-
vice. Use zypper lr (or zypper ca) to list available repositories.
rug unsubscribe
See subscribe above, with the difference that -d will be used instead of -e in the zypper mr command.
Package Management Commands
rug install (in)
zypper install (in)
-y, --no-confirm
Don't require user interaction. This option is implemented using zypper's non-interactive mode.
--agree-to-third-party-licenses
This option is an alias to zypper's --auto-agree-with-licenses option.
-R, --force-resolution <on|off>
This option is not available in rug and zypper uses the 'force-resolution' solver mode by default
when running in rug-compatible mode. However, it is possible to turn the forcing of resolution off
using this option even in rug-compatible mode.
--entire-catalog <catalog>
This option serves for marking all packages from specified catalog for installation. This is
achieved by simulating 'zypper in --from <repo> '*''.
rug remove (rm)
zypper remove (rm)
-y, --no-confirm
Don't require user interaction. This option is implemented using zypper's non-interactive mode.
-R, --force-resolution <on|off>
This option is not available in rug and zypper uses the 'force-resolution' solver mode by default
when running in rug-compatible mode. However, it is possible to turn the forcing of resolution off
using this option even in rug-compatible mode.
rug verify (ve)
zypper verify (ve)
-y, --no-confirm
Don't require user interaction. This option is implemented using zypper's non-interactive mode.
rug update (up) [catalog] ...
zypper update (up) [package] ...
Zypper interprets the update command arguments as repository identifiers in rug-compatibilty mode. The
update operation is restricted to the specified repositories.
-y, --no-confirm
Don't require user interaction. This option is implemented using zypper's non-interactive mode.
--agree-to-third-party-licenses
This option is an alias to zypper's --auto-agree-with-licenses option.
-R, --force-resolution <on|off>
This option is not available in rug and zypper uses the 'force-resolution' solver mode by default
when running in rug-compatible mode. However, it is possible to turn the forcing of resolution off
using this option even in rug-compatible mode.
-d, --downloade-only
This option has currently no effect.
--category
This option has currently no effect.
rug search (se)
zypper search (se)
Instead of the Type column, rug's Bundle column is printed, however, with no contents.
-t, --type
In rug compatibility mode the --type option defaults to package. Zypper searches all package types
by default.
--sort-by-catalog
Sort packages by catalog, not by name. This option is an alias to zypper's --sort-by-repo option.
Patch Management Commands
rug patch-info
zypper info -t patch
Pattern Management Commands
rug pattern-info
zypper info -t pattern
Product Management Commands
rug product-info
zypper info -t product
System Commands
rug ping
zypper ping
This command just returns 0 without producing any output or doing anything to the system. Rug's ping com-
mand is used to wake up the ZLM daemon or to check whether it is up and running. Since zypper does no
require ZLM or any other daemon to run, it is safe to always return 0 here to indicate it is ready for
operation.
Other Compatibility Notes
-c, --catalog <catalog>
This option is an alias to zypper's --repo <alias> and it will restrict the operation of commands like
search, install, etc to the repository specified by the alias.
-N, --dry-run
Zypper uses -D shorthand for this option, but -N is provided for the sake of compatibility. Zypper
(libzypp) implements this option by passing the --test option to rpm. The option is used in install,
remove, update, dist-upgrade (not available in rug), and verify commands.
HOMEPAGE
http://en.opensuse.org/Portal:Zypper
AUTHORS
Martin Vidner <mvidner@suse.cz>
Duncan Mac-Vicar <dmacvicar@suse.de>
Jan Kupec <jkupec@suse.cz>
Stanislav Visnovsky <visnov@suse.cz>
Josef Reidinger <jreidinger@suse.cz>
SEE ALSO
rug(1), YaST2(8), locks(5), zypper-log(8)
zypper 1.5.1 zypper(8)
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