Umgang mit redundanten Laufwerken unter OpenSUSE 13.1 (GRUB2)
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--Gehrke (Diskussion) 07:22, 19. Dez. 2013 (CET)
Diese Seite gehört zum Kontext Umgang mit redundanten Laufwerken (GRUB2).
Inhaltsverzeichnis
Systembeschreibung
Partitionierung:
localhost:~ # lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 8G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 509M 0 part
│ └─md0 9:0 0 509M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 7.5G 0 part
└─md1 9:1 0 7.5G 0 raid1
└─cr_md1 253:0 0 7.5G 0 crypt
├─system-root 253:1 0 6.5G 0 lvm /
└─system-swap 253:2 0 1G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 8G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 509M 0 part
│ └─md0 9:0 0 509M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 7.5G 0 part
└─md1 9:1 0 7.5G 0 raid1
└─cr_md1 253:0 0 7.5G 0 crypt
├─system-root 253:1 0 6.5G 0 lvm /
└─system-swap 253:2 0 1G 0 lvm [SWAP]
Zustand des Arrays:
localhost:~ # cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid0] [raid1] [raid10] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [linear]
md0 : active raid1 sda1[0] sdb1[1]
521152 blocks super 1.0 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md1 : active raid1 sda2[0] sdb2[1]
7866304 blocks super 1.0 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 1/1 pages [4KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
Details zum RAID:
localhost:~ # mdadm -Evvs
mdadm: No md superblock detected on /dev/sr0.
mdadm: No md superblock detected on /dev/md0.
mdadm: No md superblock detected on /dev/dm-2.
mdadm: No md superblock detected on /dev/dm-1.
mdadm: No md superblock detected on /dev/dm-0.
mdadm: No md superblock detected on /dev/md1.
/dev/sdb2:
Magic : a92b4efc
Version : 1.0
Feature Map : 0x1
Array UUID : cbb0a19a:3ab9c866:a55c498b:dad77155
Name : linux:1
Creation Time : Thu Dec 12 21:41:51 2013
Raid Level : raid1
Raid Devices : 2
Avail Dev Size : 15732704 (7.50 GiB 8.06 GB)
Array Size : 7866304 (7.50 GiB 8.06 GB)
Used Dev Size : 15732608 (7.50 GiB 8.06 GB)
Super Offset : 15732720 sectors
Unused Space : before=0 sectors, after=96 sectors
State : clean
Device UUID : 3643b447:54e45c14:3ffbebc4:47a1727e
Internal Bitmap : -16 sectors from superblock
Update Time : Fri Dec 13 19:37:03 2013
Bad Block Log : 512 entries available at offset -8 sectors
Checksum : 484ff8f3 - correct
Events : 155
Device Role : Active device 1
Array State : AA ('A' == active, '.' == missing, 'R' == replacing)
/dev/sdb1:
Magic : a92b4efc
Version : 1.0
Feature Map : 0x1
Array UUID : ce6547f1:6bcb31bc:02c20a67:2587a62a
Name : linux:0
Creation Time : Thu Dec 12 21:41:50 2013
Raid Level : raid1
Raid Devices : 2
Avail Dev Size : 1042400 (509.07 MiB 533.71 MB)
Array Size : 521152 (509.02 MiB 533.66 MB)
Used Dev Size : 1042304 (509.02 MiB 533.66 MB)
Super Offset : 1042416 sectors
Unused Space : before=0 sectors, after=96 sectors
State : clean
Device UUID : c37e1f95:4d6611e3:a7046773:e84fa160
Internal Bitmap : -16 sectors from superblock
Update Time : Fri Dec 13 19:17:35 2013
Bad Block Log : 512 entries available at offset -8 sectors
Checksum : 4f7ccd48 - correct
Events : 21
Device Role : Active device 1
Array State : AA ('A' == active, '.' == missing, 'R' == replacing)
/dev/sdb:
MBR Magic : aa55
Partition[0] : 1042432 sectors at 2048 (type fd)
Partition[1] : 15732736 sectors at 1044480 (type fd)
/dev/sda2:
Magic : a92b4efc
Version : 1.0
Feature Map : 0x1
Array UUID : cbb0a19a:3ab9c866:a55c498b:dad77155
Name : linux:1
Creation Time : Thu Dec 12 21:41:51 2013
Raid Level : raid1
Raid Devices : 2
Avail Dev Size : 15732704 (7.50 GiB 8.06 GB)
Array Size : 7866304 (7.50 GiB 8.06 GB)
Used Dev Size : 15732608 (7.50 GiB 8.06 GB)
Super Offset : 15732720 sectors
Unused Space : before=0 sectors, after=96 sectors
State : clean
Device UUID : 3a81e6b4:ea6a410b:cc3668e9:26fc95dc
Internal Bitmap : -16 sectors from superblock
Update Time : Fri Dec 13 19:37:03 2013
Bad Block Log : 512 entries available at offset -8 sectors
Checksum : 2f0653f9 - correct
Events : 155
Device Role : Active device 0
Array State : AA ('A' == active, '.' == missing, 'R' == replacing)
/dev/sda1:
Magic : a92b4efc
Version : 1.0
Feature Map : 0x1
Array UUID : ce6547f1:6bcb31bc:02c20a67:2587a62a
Name : linux:0
Creation Time : Thu Dec 12 21:41:50 2013
Raid Level : raid1
Raid Devices : 2
Avail Dev Size : 1042400 (509.07 MiB 533.71 MB)
Array Size : 521152 (509.02 MiB 533.66 MB)
Used Dev Size : 1042304 (509.02 MiB 533.66 MB)
Super Offset : 1042416 sectors
Unused Space : before=0 sectors, after=96 sectors
State : clean
Device UUID : d3a6b43b:ec7adf57:042686a4:f665aa63
Internal Bitmap : -16 sectors from superblock
Update Time : Fri Dec 13 19:17:35 2013
Bad Block Log : 512 entries available at offset -8 sectors
Checksum : 9f084160 - correct
Events : 21
Device Role : Active device 0
Array State : AA ('A' == active, '.' == missing, 'R' == replacing)
/dev/sda:
MBR Magic : aa55
Partition[0] : 1042432 sectors at 2048 (type fd)
Partition[1] : 15732736 sectors at 1044480 (type fd)
Diese grub.cfg wurde bei der Installation geschrieben:
#
# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE
#
# It is automatically generated by grub2-mkconfig using templates
# from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub
#
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then
load_env
fi
if [ "${next_entry}" ] ; then
set default="${next_entry}"
set next_entry=
save_env next_entry
set boot_once=true
else
set default="${saved_entry}"
fi
if [ x"${feature_menuentry_id}" = xy ]; then
menuentry_id_option="--id"
else
menuentry_id_option=""
fi
export menuentry_id_option
if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then
set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}"
save_env saved_entry
set prev_saved_entry=
save_env prev_saved_entry
set boot_once=true
fi
function savedefault {
if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then
saved_entry="${chosen}"
save_env saved_entry
fi
}
function load_video {
if [ x$feature_all_video_module = xy ]; then
insmod all_video
else
insmod efi_gop
insmod efi_uga
insmod ieee1275_fb
insmod vbe
insmod vga
insmod video_bochs
insmod video_cirrus
fi
}
if loadfont unicode ; then
set gfxmode=auto
load_video
insmod gfxterm
set locale_dir=$prefix/locale
set lang=
insmod gettext
fi
terminal_output gfxterm
insmod part_msdos
insmod part_msdos
insmod diskfilter
insmod mdraid1x
insmod ext2
set root='mduuid/ce6547f16bcb31bc02c20a672587a62a'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint='mduuid/ce6547f16bcb31bc02c20a672587a62a' f19541aa-6e4a-4954-8c29-2ac69b9a4e21
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root f19541aa-6e4a-4954-8c29-2ac69b9a4e21
fi
insmod gfxmenu
loadfont ($root)/grub2/themes/openSUSE/DejaVuSans-Bold14.pf2
loadfont ($root)/grub2/themes/openSUSE/DejaVuSans10.pf2
loadfont ($root)/grub2/themes/openSUSE/DejaVuSans12.pf2
loadfont ($root)/grub2/themes/openSUSE/ascii.pf2
insmod png
set theme=($root)/grub2/themes/openSUSE/theme.txt
export theme
if [ x${boot_once} = xtrue ]; then
set timeout=0
elif sleep --interruptible 0 ; then
set timeout=8
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
menuentry 'openSUSE 13.1' --class 'opensuse-13-1' --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-9ca3c62f-d5b8-46a7-a494-8ce2270e2f47' {
load_video
set gfxpayload=keep
insmod gzio
insmod part_msdos
insmod part_msdos
insmod diskfilter
insmod mdraid1x
insmod ext2
set root='mduuid/ce6547f16bcb31bc02c20a672587a62a'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint='mduuid/ce6547f16bcb31bc02c20a672587a62a' f19541aa-6e4a-4954-8c29-2ac69b9a4e21
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root f19541aa-6e4a-4954-8c29-2ac69b9a4e21
fi
echo 'Loading Linux 3.11.6-4-desktop ...'
linux /vmlinuz-3.11.6-4-desktop root=/dev/mapper/system-root resume=/dev/system/swap splash=silent quiet showopts
echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
initrd /initrd-3.11.6-4-desktop
}
submenu 'Advanced options for openSUSE 13.1' $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-9ca3c62f-d5b8-46a7-a494-8ce2270e2f47' {
menuentry 'openSUSE 13.1, with Linux 3.11.6-4-desktop' --class 'opensuse-13-1' --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.11.6-4-desktop-advanced-9ca3c62f-d5b8-46a7-a494-8ce2270e2f47' {
load_video
set gfxpayload=keep
insmod gzio
insmod part_msdos
insmod part_msdos
insmod diskfilter
insmod mdraid1x
insmod ext2
set root='mduuid/ce6547f16bcb31bc02c20a672587a62a'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint='mduuid/ce6547f16bcb31bc02c20a672587a62a' f19541aa-6e4a-4954-8c29-2ac69b9a4e21
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root f19541aa-6e4a-4954-8c29-2ac69b9a4e21
fi
echo 'Loading Linux 3.11.6-4-desktop ...'
linux /vmlinuz-3.11.6-4-desktop root=/dev/mapper/system-root resume=/dev/system/swap splash=silent quiet showopts
echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
initrd /initrd-3.11.6-4-desktop
}
menuentry 'openSUSE 13.1, with Linux 3.11.6-4-desktop (recovery mode)' --class 'opensuse-13-1' --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.11.6-4-desktop-recovery-9ca3c62f-d5b8-46a7-a494-8ce2270e2f47' {
load_video
set gfxpayload=keep
insmod gzio
insmod part_msdos
insmod part_msdos
insmod diskfilter
insmod mdraid1x
insmod ext2
set root='mduuid/ce6547f16bcb31bc02c20a672587a62a'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint='mduuid/ce6547f16bcb31bc02c20a672587a62a' f19541aa-6e4a-4954-8c29-2ac69b9a4e21
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root f19541aa-6e4a-4954-8c29-2ac69b9a4e21
fi
echo 'Loading Linux 3.11.6-4-desktop ...'
linux /vmlinuz-3.11.6-4-desktop root=/dev/mapper/system-root showopts apm=off noresume edd=off powersaved=off nohz=off highres=off processor.max_cstate=1 nomodeset x11failsafe
echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
initrd /initrd-3.11.6-4-desktop
}
}
### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###
### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###
### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_ppc_terminfo ###
### END /etc/grub.d/20_ppc_terminfo ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
# This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the
# menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change
# the 'exec tail' line above.
### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###
if [ -f ${config_directory}/custom.cfg ]; then
source ${config_directory}/custom.cfg
elif [ -z "${config_directory}" -a -f $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then
source $prefix/custom.cfg;
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/90_persistent ###
### END /etc/grub.d/90_persistent ###
Funktionale Tests
Test 1: Boot-Partitionen im RAID abschalten
Mit diesem Test wird der Ausfall jeweils einer Partition simuliert. Das System sollte dank der Redundanz fehlerfrei booten.
Eine Boot-Partition aus dem RAID entfernen:
localhost:~ # mdadm --set-faulty /dev/md0 /dev/sda1
mdadm: set /dev/sda1 faulty in /dev/md0
localhost:~ # cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid0] [raid1] [raid10] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [linear]
md0 : active raid1 sda1[0](F) sdb1[1]
521152 blocks super 1.0 [2/1] [_U]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
...
localhost:~ # reboot
Reboot funktionierte problemlos.
Partition hinzufügen (etwas warten bis Recovery-Prozess abgeschlossen ist) und andere entfernen:
localhost:~ # mdadm --re-add /dev/md0 /dev/sda1
mdadm: re-added /dev/sda1
localhost:~ # mdadm --set-faulty /dev/md0 /dev/sdb1
mdadm: set /dev/sdb1 faulty in /dev/md0
localhost:~ # cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid0] [raid1] [raid10] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [linear]
md0 : active raid1 sda1[0] sdb1[1](F)
521152 blocks super 1.0 [2/1] [U_]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
...
localhost:~ # reboot
Reboot funktionierte problemlos.
localhost:~ # mdadm --re-add /dev/md0 /dev/sdb1 mdadm: re-added /dev/sdb1
Fazit: OK
Test 2: Festplatten entfernen
Zur Simulation einer ausgefallenen Festplatte wurde vor dem Start die Festplatte aus der Konfiguration von VirtualBox entfernt.
Fall 1: Nur Festplatte 1 im System
Beobachtung: Das Menü von GRUB erscheint. Bei Start des Systems kommt es zu einer Endlosschleife, ohne dass die Passphrase für dm-crypt eingegeben werden kann:
PARTIAL MODE. Incomplete logical volumes will be processed. Volume group "system" not found No volume groups found
Fall 2: Nur Festplatte 2 im System
Beobachtung: Das Menü von GRUB erscheint nicht.
Vermutung: GRUB-Installation fehlt im MBR auf zweiter Festplatte.
Lösungsversuch 1: Installation nachgeholt:
localhost:~ # grub-install.unsupported /dev/sda Probing devices to guess BIOS drives. This may take a long time. /dev/md0 does not have any corresponding BIOS drive. localhost:~ # grub-install.unsupported /dev/sdb /dev/md0 does not have any corresponding BIOS drive.
Ergebnis: Bootet nicht.
Fehlermeldung: keine (alles schwarz, Cursor blinkt nicht)
Lösungsversuch 2: Per YaST nach sda und sdb schreiben
Beim Start von Yast gibt es schon diesen Hinweis:
localhost:~ # yast2 bootloader Perl-Bootloader: 2013-12-13 22:53:57 <3> yast-1572.1 MBRTools::examineMBR.189: Error: Examine MBR cannot open /dev/md
Das explizite Schreiben über
- Boot Loader Location
- Custom Boot Partiton => /dev/sdb
sowie das ganze zusätzlich nach /dev/sda brachte nichts. Ohne die erste Disk bootete das System nicht.
Links:
